Monkeypox virus MPXV is the etiological agent of monkeypox mpox , a zoonotic disease. MPXV is endemic in the forested regions of West and Central Africa, but the virus has recently spread globally, causing outbreaks in multiple non-endemic countries. In this paper, we review the characteristics of the virus, including its ecology, genomics, infection biology, and evolution. We estimate by phylogenomic molecular clock that the B. We interrogate the host-virus interactions that modulate the virus infection biology, signal transduction, pathogenesis, and host immune responses.
We highlight the changing pathophysiology and epidemiology of MPXV and summarize recent advances in the prevention and treatment of mpox. In addition, this review identifies knowledge gaps with respect to the virus and the disease, suggests future research directions to address the knowledge gaps, and proposes a One Health approach as an effective strategy to prevent current and future epidemics of mpox.
Monkeypox virus MPXV is the etiological agent of a zoonotic disease called monkeypox mpox. However, the incidence since of mpox outside endemic regions has increased, and the epidemiological profile of the disease within endemic regions has changed Grothe et al.
This paper will cover the current state of knowledge on the characteristics of MPXV and mpox, the infection biology, molecular pathogenesis, and evolution of MPXV as well as the clinical features, diagnosis, epidemiology, and therapeutic options against mpox.
In addition, the review will critically interrogate and evaluate the contributions of viral, host, and anthropogenic factors to the emergence and reemergence of mpox across the globe. Before , there was no documented report of human MPXV infection, although the virus had previously caused infections in monkeys and apes Arita and Henderson, Subsequently, six additional mpox cases were identified between September and April in Liberia, Sierra Leone and Nigeria Lourie et al.
